Sleeve Gastrectomy

What Is Sleeve Gastrectomy?

Sleeve gastrectomy is a type of bariatric surgery in which approximately 75–80% of the stomach is surgically removed. What remains is a small, tube-shaped stomach, which helps patients feel full with less food and reduces the feeling of hunger.

This procedure affects hunger hormones (ghrelin), helping to control appetite and offering patients an opportunity to change their eating habits.

Who Is a Candidate for Sleeve Gastrectomy?

This surgical procedure is typically recommended for individuals who meet the following criteria:

✔ BMI (Body Mass Index) of 40 or higher.

✔ BMI between 35–39.9 along with additional health issues such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnea.

✔ Those who have not achieved success with diet and exercise.

✔ Those seeking permanent and effective weight loss.

However, this surgery is not suitable for every obese individual. A thorough evaluation is required for those with a history of stomach surgeries or serious medical conditions.

Advantages of Sleeve Gastrectomy

✔ Provides permanent weight loss – Patients typically lose 50–70% of their body weight within 1–2 years after surgery.

✔ Improves metabolic diseases – Positive effects are seen in conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

✔ Minimally invasive – Usually performed via laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery, requiring only small incisions.

✔ No foreign body involved – Unlike gastric banding, no implants are used, offering a more natural solution.

✔ High long-term success rate – When supported with lifestyle changes, weight loss is maintained over time.

How Is Sleeve Gastrectomy Performed?

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes around 1–2 hours:

1️⃣ Preparation: The patient undergoes medical assessment and nutritional counseling before the surgery.

2️⃣ Stomach Reduction: The surgeon removes the majority of the stomach and reshapes the remaining portion into a narrow tube.

3️⃣ Closure and Inspection: The stomach is closed using surgical staples or sutures.

4️⃣ Recovery: The patient usually stays in the hospital for 1–2 days and begins a gradual dietary transition under medical supervision.

Postoperative Care and Considerations

After sleeve gastrectomy, patients should pay attention to the following:

✔ Gradual diet plan – Initially, a liquid diet is followed, gradually transitioning to solid foods.

✔ Regular physical activity – Recommended to support weight loss and maintain overall health.

✔ Vitamin and mineral supplements – Supplements such as B12 and iron may be needed to prevent deficiencies and should be taken under medical guidance.

✔ Follow-up and monitoring – Regular checkups with a physician and dietitian are crucial for long-term success.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Like any surgical procedure, sleeve gastrectomy carries certain potential risks:

❌ Nausea and vomiting, especially during the early days after surgery.

❌ Reduced nutrient absorption, which may require supplementation.

❌ Rare risk of leakage at the surgical site if the staples or sutures do not fully seal.

These risks are minimized when performed by experienced surgeons.

Tips for Increasing Success After Surgery

✔ Adopt healthy eating habits – Follow a balanced diet with small portions.

✔ Seek psychological support – Professional help can be beneficial in changing eating behaviors.

✔ Start an exercise program – Regular physical activity supports sustained weight loss.

Conclusion

Sleeve gastrectomy is considered a powerful tool in the fight against obesity. It provides lasting weight loss, improvement in metabolic health, and a significant boost in quality of life. Anyone considering this method should consult an experienced bariatric surgeon for a detailed evaluation.